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Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry
Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS), also known as ion-mobility separation–mass spectrometry, is an analytical chemistry method that separates gas phase ions on a millisecond timescale using ion-mobility spectrometry and uses mass spectrometry on a microsecond timescale to identify components in a sample.
==History==
Earl W. McDaniel has been called the father of ion mobility mass spectrometry.〔 In the early 1960s, he coupled a low-field ion mobility drift cell to a sector mass spectrometer.
The combination of time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion-mobility spectrometry was pioneered in 1963 at Bell Labs. In 1963 McAfee and Edelson published an IMS-TOF combination. 〔K.B. McAfee and D. Edelson ''J. Chem. Phys.'' 1963, 382.〕 In 1967 McKnight, McAfee and Sipler published an IMS-TOF combination. Their instrument included an orthogonal TOF.〔L.G. McKnight, K.B. McAfee and D.P. Sipler ''Phys. Rev.'' 1967, ''164''(1), 62〕 In 1969 Cohen et al. filed a patent 〔Patent US 3621240〕 on an IMS-QMS system. The QMS at that time was an improvement compared to the TOFMS, because the TOFMS had a slow electronic data acquisition systems at that time. In 1970, Young, Edelson and Falconer published an IMS-TOF with orthogonal extraction.〔C.E. Young, D. Edelson, W.E. Falconer ''J. Chem. Phys.'' 1970, ''53''(11), 4295.〕 They seem to have used the same system as McKnight et al. in 1967, incorporating slight modifications. Their work was later reproduced in the landmark book of Mason/McDaniel,〔E.A. Mason, E.W. McDaniel; Transport Properties of Ions in Gases; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1988; p 560〕 which is regarded as the “bible of IMS” by those skilled in the art.
In 1996 Guevremont et al. presented a poster at the ASMS conference 〔Proceedings of 44th ASMS conference, p.1090〕 about IMS-TOF. In 1997 Tanner patented a quadrupole with axial fields which can be used as a drift cell for IMS separation. He also mentions the combination of these quadrupoles with an orthogonal TOFMS.〔Patent WO9707530 (A1)〕 In 1998 Clemmer developed an IMS-TOF combination, using a co-axial IMS-TOF setup.〔Henderson S C, Valentine S J, Counterman A E, Clemmer D E, ''Anal. Chem.'' 1999, ''71'', (2), 291-301〕 In 1999 Clemmer developed an IMS-TOF with an orthogonal TOF system.〔Hoaglund C S, Valentine S J, Sporleder C R, Reilly J P, Clemmer D E, ''Anal. Chem.'' 1998, ''70'', (11), 2236-2242.〕 This work led to the development of an ion mobility-quadrupole-CID-TOFMS instrument by Micromass in the UK and ultimately led Micromass / Waters corporation to develop of the worlds first commercial ion mobility-mass spectrometer instrument in 2006. The Synapt, as it is called, incorporates a pre ion mobility quadrupole allowing precursor ion selection prior to IMS separation further enhancing the flexibility of the ion mobility-mass spectrometry combinations. In 2013, Agilent Technologies released the first commercial drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer named 6560 with a 80 cm drift tube. Ion funnels are used to promise the ion transmission efficiency. The design thus greatly improved the sensitivity of ion mobility and allowed commercialization. 〔Francesco Lanucara, Stephen W. Holman, Christopher J. Gray, Claire E. Eyers, ''Nat. Chem.'' 2014, ''6'', 281-294〕〔Jody C. May, Cody R. Goodwin, Nichole M. Lareau, Katrina L. Leaptrot, Caleb B. Morris,Ruwan T. Kurulugama, Alex Mordehai, Christian Klein, William Barry, Ed Darland, Gregor Overney, Kenneth Imatani, George C. Stafford, John C. Fjeldsted, John A. McLean, ''Anal. Chem.'' 2014, ''86'', 2107-2116〕
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